![]() Used during high-contact resident care activities for individuals colonized or infected with a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO), as well as those at increased risk of MDRO acquisition Note: Use only soap and water for hand hygiene in patients with C. Known or suspected infections with increased risk for contact transmission (e.g., draining wounds, fecal incontinence) or with epidemiologically important organisms, such as C-diff, MRSA, VRE, or RSV Table 4.2 Transmission-Based Precautions However, when transmission-based precautions are implemented, it is also important for the nurse to make efforts to counteract possible adverse effects of these precautions on patients, such as anxiety, depression, perceptions of stigma, and reduced contact with clinical staff. Transport of the patient and unnecessary movement outside the patient room should be limited. When possible, patients with transmission-based precautions should be placed in a single occupancy room with dedicated patient care equipment (e.g., blood pressure cuffs, stethoscope, thermometer). See Table 4.2 outlining the categories of transmission precautions with associated PPE and other precautions. Some diseases, such as tuberculosis, have multiple routes of transmission so more than one transmission-based precautions category must be implemented. Transmission-based precautions are used when the route(s) of transmission is (are) not completely interrupted using standard precautions alone. There are four categories of transmission-based precautions: contact precautions, enhanced barrier precautions, droplet precautions, and airborne precautions. For patients with these types of pathogens, standard precautions are used along with specific transmission-based precautions. Epidemiologically important pathogens include, but are not limited to, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Clostridium difficile (C-diff), Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Respiratory syncytial sirus (RSV), measles, and tuberculosis (TB). In addition to standard precautions, transmission-based precautions are used for patients with documented or suspected infection, or colonization, of highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens. Aseptic technique for invasive nursing procedures such as parenteral medication administration Įach of these standard precautions is described in more detail in the following subsections.Sharps safety (i.e., engineering and work practice controls).Proper handling and cleaning of environment, equipment, and devices. ![]() Appropriate patient placement and care using transmission-based precautions when indicated.Use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, gowns, masks, eyewear) whenever infectious material exposure may occur.These standards reduce the risk of exposure for the health care worker and protect the patient from potential transmission of infectious organisms.Ĭurrent standard precautions according to the CDC (2019) include the following: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), standard precautions are “the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where health care is delivered.” They are based on the principle that all blood, body fluids (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. Standard precautions are used when caring for all patients to prevent health care associated infections. 4.2 Aseptic Technique Basic Concepts Standard Versus Transmission-Based Precautions Standard Precautions ![]()
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